This inclusive approach integrates a gender lens and gives voice from multiple vantage points to various actors, from civil society to firms doing business in Africa. Building on established measures of illicit financial flows, new insights are provided on country estimates of export misinvoicing on the continent and specific characteristics of mineral commodities are highlighted.

Some of the motivations and root causes of illicit financial flows are also underscored in the report.

Read this UNCTAD Report for 2020